On average more than 1,000 people are fatally shot by police each year, according to data collected by the Washington Post.

In 2022, the number of people shot and killed by police—1,096—reached a record high, as confidence in police reached a 30-year low. Fewer than half of all Americans reported having confidence in the police, according to a Gallup poll, the lowest level since 2020 in the wake of the death of George Floyd. Put another way, the majority of Americans have little or no confidence in law enforcement.

Stacker cited data from the Washington Post’s fatal police shootings database to look at the rate of fatal police shootings across every state and Washington D.C. in the U.S. since 2015. Rates are calculated using 2020 Census population data. If no demographic has at least five incidents, rates by demographic are not included.

The data presents troubling trends indicative of systemic issues throughout the institution of law enforcement nationwide. Despite representing just 12% of the U.S. population, Black people are killed by police at higher rates than any other racial group in 45 states. In four out of the remaining five states, police shot and killed Native Americans at the highest rate. Only in New Hampshire did white people represent the largest share of people killed by police.

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One out of every five victims identified by the Washington Post had a history of mental illness or was experiencing mental distress when they were shot. However, not every law enforcement officer is trained or required to be trained to recognize and respond to mental health crises.

Some studies suggest Crisis Intervention Team training can lead to an increase in instances where verbal negotiation is the highest level of force used by responding officers. CIT-trained officers may also be more likely to make referrals to mental health units and less likely to make arrests. Though data on the efficacy of CIT training in reducing the use of force among police officers is limited, some departments aim to train 100% of their force in the CIT program. And yet, deploying lethal force is ultimately a judgment call—one not always easy to make, one that can be made in error, and one that is subject to the training and morality of the responding officer.

There are times when police officers must use lethal force in defense of their lives or the lives of others. Since 2016, 83% of fatal police shootings victims were armed, most often with a gun. The presence of a weapon alone does not warrant lethal force, nor does the prevalence of armed victims justify the increasing number of people killed by police each year. This data, however, can illustrate the unique and complex dangers officers must face when responding to any given situation. Hundreds of others killed by police in this same time frame were either unarmed, armed with a replica weapon, or wielding a replica as though it were a real firearm.

One of the most troubling trends is a lack of institutional accountability. As fatal police shootings have increased, fewer of these incidents are reported to the federal government. The Washington Post found that only one-third of the fatal police shootings included in its database were also present among FBI data.

While all agencies are asked to report these incidents, compliance to report homicides through the Uniform Crime Reporting System—including officer-involved shootings—is mandatory only for federal law enforcement. Negligence, clerical errors, miscommunication, and willful noncompliance are just some of the reasons for discrepancies.

Until agencies nationwide, at all levels, enforce consistent and complete data collection on the use of deadly force, systemic change will be harder to achieve.

Police officers make their way through a smoke filled street in Providence, Rhode Island.

Joseph Prezioso // Getty Images

#51. Rhode Island

– People fatally killed by police: 0.5 per 100K (6 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 16.7%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 5
– Agency with the most shootings: No agency with at least 5 shootings

Gorodenkoff // Shutterstock

#50. Connecticut

– People fatally killed by police: 0.6 per 100K (23 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 21.7%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 22
– Agency with the most shootings: No agency with at least 5 shootings

– Demographics
— 0.4 white people shot per 100K
— 1.3 Black people shot per 100K
— 1.1 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Ron Adar // Shutterstock

#49. New York

– People fatally killed by police: 0.8 per 100K (152 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 18.4%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 53
– Agency with the most shootings: New York Police Department

– Demographics
— 0.5 white people shot per 100K
— 2.0 Black people shot per 100K
— 0.4 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Boston Police Car on duty in downtown Boston.

Wangkun Jia // Shutterstock

#48. Massachusetts

– People fatally killed by police: 0.8 per 100K (57 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 7.0%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 36
– Agency with the most shootings: Boston Police Department

– Demographics
— 0.6 white people shot per 100K
— 2.4 Black people shot per 100K
— 1.0 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

American Police Car and Emergency truck with blue and red lights.

Artiom Photo // Shutterstock

#47. New Jersey

– People fatally killed by police: 1.0 per 100K (95 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 10.5%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 62
– Agency with the most shootings: Newark Police Department

– Demographics
— 0.5 white people shot per 100K
— 3.3 Black people shot per 100K
— 0.4 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

A detective examining a crime scene in a forest.

Canva

#46. Pennsylvania

– People fatally killed by police: 1.3 per 100K (172 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 4.1%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 72
– Agency with the most shootings: Pennsylvania State Police

– Demographics
— 0.8 white people shot per 100K
— 3.9 Black people shot per 100K
— 0.9 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

POLICE LINE DO NOT CROSS sign courtesy of the Chicago Police Department.

Jonathan Weiss // Shutterstock

#45. Illinois

– People fatally killed by police: 1.3 per 100K (170 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 17.6%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 91
– Agency with the most shootings: Chicago Police Department

– Demographics
— 0.6 white people shot per 100K
— 4.4 Black people shot per 100K
— 0.7 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

American policeman and police car in the background.

ALDECA studio // Shutterstock

#44. Michigan

– People fatally killed by police: 1.4 per 100K (142 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 14.8%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 76
– Agency with the most shootings: Detroit Police Department

– Demographics
— 0.9 white people shot per 100K
— 3.2 Black people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

A police car with a broken window sits at a crime scene.

Steve Pope // Getty Images

#43. Iowa

– People fatally killed by police: 1.6 per 100K (50 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 24.0%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 33
– Agency with the most shootings: Des Moines Police Department

– Demographics
— 1.4 white people shot per 100K
— 6.8 Black people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

A firefighter and police officer standing one next to each other at a crime scene.

Daniel Avram // Shutterstock

#42. Minnesota

– People fatally killed by police: 1.6 per 100K (92 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 41.3%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 63
– Agency with the most shootings: St. Paul Police Department

– Demographics
— 1.2 white people shot per 100K
— 5.0 Black people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— 8.7 Native American people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Manchester police car in front of a house.

Boston Globe // Getty Images

#41. New Hampshire

– People fatally killed by police: 1.7 per 100K (23 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 13.0%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 16
– Agency with the most shootings: New Hampshire State Police

– Demographics
— 1.6 white people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Black people
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Ajax9 // Shutterstock

#40. Virginia

– People fatally killed by police: 1.8 per 100K (154 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 14.3%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 83
– Agency with the most shootings: Virginia State Police

– Demographics
— 1.5 white people shot per 100K
— 3.5 Black people shot per 100K
— 0.6 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Baltimore County Sheriffs officers gather.

BRENDAN SMIALOWSKI // Getty Images

#39. Maryland

– People fatally killed by police: 1.8 per 100K (112 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 27.7%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 32
– Agency with the most shootings: Baltimore County Police Department

– Demographics
— 1.2 white people shot per 100K
— 3.7 Black people shot per 100K
— 0.7 Hispanic people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Detail view of illuminated police lights and cordon tape.

Matt Gush // Shutterstock

#38. Delaware

– People fatally killed by police: 1.9 per 100K (19 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 15.8%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 7
– Agency with the most shootings: Delaware State Police

– Demographics
— 1.2 white people shot per 100K
— 3.2 Black people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

A member of the Burlington Police Department questions a person.

Robert Nickelsberg // Getty Images

#37. Vermont

– People fatally killed by police: 2.0 per 100K (13 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 23.1%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 10
– Agency with the most shootings: No agency with at least 5 shootings

– Demographics
— 1.7 white people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Black people
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Investigator with rubber gloves puts gun in a bag as evidence.

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#36. Ohio

– People fatally killed by police: 2.0 per 100K (240 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 17.9%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 117
– Agency with the most shootings: Columbus Police Department

– Demographics
— 1.4 white people shot per 100K
— 6.0 Black people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people

Aspects and Angles // Shutterstock

#35. Nebraska

– People fatally killed by police: 2.1 per 100K (41 people)
– Incidents with body cameras enabled: 19.5%
– Number of agencies involved in fatal police shootings: 23
– Agency with the most shootings: Omaha Police Department

– Demographics
— 1.9 white people shot per 100K
— 6.2 Black people shot per 100K
— Incident count too small for Hispanic people
— Incident count too small for Native American people
— Incident count too small for Asian people